Its an idea of dividing up the work and specializing in what each of us is good at.Its has been practised for millennia until it reached its culmination in 20th century in the shape of Henry Ford and his famous Model-T car
Division of Labour allows us to produce things faster and at the smaller cost.Each element is made separately by a specialist and then merged into an expected shape/object. Nowadays different elements can be made in different countries or even different continents and then be brought to the factory. Its is one of the most important and powerful pieces of economic logic.
There are also some cons of it. The first is that , it can be extremely difficult to find a job when you specialize in a craft that is no longer in use. Second, a factory can become entirely dependent on one person or a group of people.If someone doesn`t do its duty properly the whole factory stops producing.We can say that chain is as strong as its weakest link...Third, it can undermine the morale of an individual to be forced to specialize only in one specific job, i.e pressing the red button. Despite all of these threats, Division of Labour remains the fundament of modern economics and remains the key to the effectivness of production
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